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What is bird flu, and could it become next pandemic?

Web Desk by Web Desk
19 December 2024, 15:44 pm
in Blog
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What is bird flu, and could it become next pandemic?
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The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) confirmed the first severe human case of H5N1 avian influenza, also known as bird flu, in the United States.

As per CDC statement, the infected individual is a resident of southwestern Louisiana. “The patient is currently hospitalized in critical condition and is under observation. He is experiencing severe respiratory illness linked to the H5N1 infection”, CDC noted.

The CDC also mentioned that the patient had been in contact with sick or deceased birds, which likely led to the infection.

As the world continues to recover from the devastating effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, scientists are keeping a close eye on another potential threat: bird flu, specifically the H5N1 virus.

Known for its ability to infect and devastate avian populations, this virus is now raising concerns due to its recent spread among mammals and the possibility that it could evolve to infect humans more effectively.

What is Bird Flu?

Bird flu, or avian influenza, is a viral infection that primarily affects birds but can also infect other animals, including humans, under certain circumstances.

The H5N1 strain, in particular, is notorious for its high fatality rate, killing up to 50% of the people it infects. While human cases are rare, they often occur through close contact with infected animals, such as poultry or wild birds.

In recent months, the virus has been detected in a variety of non-avian animals, including dolphins, squirrels, and seals, signaling its ability to adapt to different hosts. However, the real concern arises from its potential to mutate in a way that allows it to spread easily among humans.

Could Bird Flu Become the Next Pandemic?

At present, H5N1 does not spread between humans. Cases of human infection have only been reported in individuals who had direct exposure to infected animals, such as farmers and veterinarians. However, scientists warn that it wouldn’t take much for this virus to pose a global health threat.

Research conducted at The Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, USA, suggests that a single mutation in the virus’s haemagglutinin protein could enable it to bind to human cell receptors more effectively.

This mutation was identified by experimenting with viral proteins derived from the genetic sequence of H5N1. Fortunately, no live virus was used in the study to prevent any risk of accidental release.

Virologists have also noted that H5N1 has already demonstrated efficient transmission between mammals, a troubling development. For instance, Diego Diel of Cornell University highlighted that this is one of the first documented instances of sustained mammal-to-mammal transmission.

What Makes H5N1 Dangerous?

H5N1 is particularly dangerous due to:

1. High Fatality Rate: With a mortality rate of up to 50% in humans, an outbreak could be catastrophic.

2. Rapid Mutation Potential: The virus’s ability to adapt to new hosts increases the likelihood of it crossing over to humans.

3. Global Spread Among Animals: Its presence in diverse animal populations worldwide demonstrates its resilience and adaptability.

While a single mutation might not be enough to make H5N1 a pandemic-level threat, it could act as a stepping-stone for further adaptations, including better replication and stability within the human body.

Learning from Past Pandemics

The COVID-19 pandemic taught the world the importance of early detection and swift action. In the case of H5N1, ongoing research is critical to identifying mutations that could increase its risk to humans. Scientists are closely monitoring these genetic changes to provide early warning signs and develop preventative measures, such as vaccines and antiviral treatments.

Governments, health organizations, and the scientific community must remain vigilant. Strengthening surveillance in animal populations, investing in research, and preparing contingency plans are essential steps to mitigate the risk of an H5N1 outbreak.

While H5N1 bird flu is not currently a pandemic threat, its potential cannot be ignored. A single mutation could set the stage for human transmission, with devastating consequences. By staying ahead of the virus through research and preparedness, we can reduce the likelihood of another global health crisis.

 

Tags: Avian influenzaBird fluCOVID-19H5N1PandemicUS
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